Definite Future Tense with Suffix -(y)Ar in Khorasan Turkic (Bocnurd Dialect)

Abstract

The future tense describes events that will occur or are likely to occur after the time of speaking. The future tense is treated within the tense category with various semantic sub-divisions. Therefore, events that will occur or are likely to occur in the future can be semantically distinguished in various Turkic language fields and marked with different morphological elements. This situation is also reflected in the terminology of Turkic language studies, where the future tense is divided into semantic subfields: “future, definite future, categorical definite future, etc.” and “aorist, indefinite, uncertain, doubtful, predictive, infinitive present tense, etc.” In Turkic languages, suffix -Ar ~ -(y)(X)r is generally used for the indefinite future tense (aorist) and the present tense. The indefinite future tense function of suffix -Ar ~ -(y)(X)r is observed in all historical and contemporary areas of the Turkic language. Suffix -Ar ~ -(y)(X)r, with its present tense function, is used in some dialects/dialects in the Old Turkic period and today. Suffix -Ar ~ -(y)(X)r, with its present tense function, is intermittent and sporadic. In historical Turkic languages, this suffix is used for the indefinite future tense and the present tense, as well as occasionally for the definite future tense. After the 13th century, when morphology was renewed in Turkic languages, other suffixes for the definite future tense developed. Bojnurd dialect of Khorasan Turkic does not contain the definite future tense suffixes that developed in the Oghuz or Chaghatai dialects. Bojnurd dialect has an older definite future tense suffix of -(y) Ar. Suffix -(y)Ar is also used for the indefinite future tense (present tense) in Bojnurd dialect